获取 dock icon

# 1. Finder
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o finder.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/finder-2021-09-10.png?rf=1024"

# 2. 主页
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o home.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/home-2021-05-03.png?rf=1024"

# 3. 应用商店
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o app-store.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/app-store-2019-09-25.png?rf=1024"

# 4. 博客
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o notes.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/notebooks-write-and-organize-2022-01-25.png?rf=1024"

# 5. 专栏
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o zhuanlan.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/books-2019-09-25.png?rf=1024"

# 6. 备忘录
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o memo.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/notes-2021-05-25.png?rf=1024"

# 7. 代码演练场
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o code.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/kolibri-for-swiftui-2024-05-20.png?rf=1024"

# 8. 数据分析
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o analysis.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/photos-2025-11-14.png?rf=1024"

# 9. 聊天助手
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o chat.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/spike-email-mail-team-chat-2021-07-12.png?rf=1024"

# 10. 联系我
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o contact.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/512/wechat-2015-12-07.png?rf=512"

# 11. 留言板
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o message-board.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/doneit-kanban-board-to-do-2023-09-29.png?rf=1024"

# 12. 设置
curl --proxy http://k3s.zhangyangyuan.com:7890 -o settings.png "https://cdn.jim-nielsen.com/macos/1024/system-preferences-2021-06-03.png?rf=1024"

VMware 免费下载

https://github.com/201853910/VMwareWorkstation/releases/tag/17.0

17.0.0——17.5.1版本，需要使用激活码激活使用：
NV6RH-2RH50-0JD79-0T9N2-A22M2
4V4RR-6VH8P-HJ488-1KCNK-CYH22
1C4TU-D81E1-MJ4L9-0V8Q4-CA0Q8
1Y600-FNK9P-4J031-0A8X0-9FK54
HC4XR-28185-4J8X0-1U3QK-A3RMF

自2024年5月14日、版本 17.5.2 开始，VMware Workstation Pro 将免费供个人用户使用。
自2024年11月11日、版本 17.6.2 开始，VMware Workstation Pro 将免费供所有用户使用。

Postgres 锁检测

SELECT  a.pid,
        a.usename,
        a.application_name,
        a.client_addr,
        a.state,
        a.query_start,
        a.query,
        l.locktype,          -- relation 表示表/索引锁，tuple 表示行锁
        l.mode,              -- AccessShareLock、RowExclusiveLock 等
        l.granted            -- true 表示已拿到，false 表示在等待
FROM    pg_locks      l
            JOIN    pg_stat_activity a ON a.pid = l.pid
where a.application_name not like '%JDBC%'
ORDER BY l.granted, l.pid;

查询对话的点赞

select COALESCE(like_rating.id, dislike_rating.id) AS conversation_id, COALESCE(like_rating, 0) as like_rating, COALESCE(dislike_rating, 0) as dislike_rating
    from (

          (select c.id, count(*) as like_rating
            from conversations c
                     left join
                 message_feedbacks mf
                 on c.id = mf.conversation_id
            where c.app_id = '58663dd9-6354-4968-a0e3-c12017dafda8'
            and rating = 'like'
            group by c.id, rating) as like_rating
    full outer join
    (select c.id, count(*) as dislike_rating
    from conversations c
             left join
         message_feedbacks mf
         on c.id = mf.conversation_id
    where c.app_id = '58663dd9-6354-4968-a0e3-c12017dafda8'
    and rating = 'dislike'
    group by c.id, rating) as dislike_rating
    on like_rating.id = dislike_rating.id)

推荐 rust 练手的小项目

当然！Rust 是个非常适合写高性能、类型安全、并发友好的项目的语言，以下是一些适合练手的 Rust 小项目推荐，按难度和方向分类：

🚀 初学者项目（熟悉语法 & 基本结构）

1. 命令行工具

• To-Do 管理器：输入 todo add "写报告"、todo list、todo done 1。
• 词频统计工具：统计一个文本文件中每个词出现的频率。
• 随机密码生成器：支持指定长度、复杂度（特殊字符/数字/大写等）。

2. 文件处理工具

• CSV 转 JSON：读入 CSV 文件，输出 JSON。
• 小型日志分析工具：分析 Nginx/Apache 日志，统计 IP 访问量。

3. 小游戏

• 猜数字游戏：随机生成一个 1~100 的数，提示“大了/小了”。
• 井字棋（Tic Tac Toe）：命令行实现。

🧠 中级项目（用上 crates、多线程、异步等）

1. 简易 HTTP 服务

• 用 Axum / [Actix-web] 写个 RESTful 接口，比如博客 API 或留言板。

2. 代理工具

• 一个简单的 HTTP 或 SOCKS5 代理（可以加日志、转发、鉴权）。
• 类似 proxychains 的小工具，学习网络 IO 和 TCP。

3. 数据库封装

• 使用 SQLite（配合 rusqlite 或 sqlx）写一个简单的个人账本或笔记应用。

4. 并发爬虫

• 使用 reqwest + tokio + scraper 实现并发抓取网页标题/关键词。
• 可以拓展为监控网页变化的工具。

⚙️ 高级项目（系统级编程、异步/并发深入）

1. 任务队列 / Job Worker

• 简单的任务队列系统，支持 Redis 做消息中转，用 tokio 实现 worker 并发处理。

2. 文件同步工具

• 类似 rsync，比较目录差异，拷贝变化的文件。
• 熟悉文件 IO、哈希、线程池。

3. 简易向量数据库

• 写一个嵌入式的向量搜索服务（用 HNSW 或暴力搜索），配合 Web 接口提供相似搜索。

🧪 项目生成器模板推荐

你可以用 cargo generate 来初始化一些模板项目：

cargo install cargo-generate
cargo generate --git https://github.com/cargo-generate/cargo-generate.git

🧰 一些常用 Crate 推荐

• 网络请求：reqwest
• Web 框架：axum, actix-web
• 数据库：sqlx, rusqlite
• 命令行：clap, structopt
• 异步：tokio, async-std
• 序列化：serde, serde_json
• 测试：proptest, quickcheck

如果你能告诉我你感兴趣的方向，比如 Web、系统工具、命令行、网络编程、数据库，我可以给你定制一个具体项目💡。要不要试试？

Why SERVER_WORKER_AMOUNT is 1 when you use SERVER_WORKER_CLASS=gevent?

https://github.com/langgenius/dify/issues/16248

When SERVER_WORKER_CLASS is set to gevent, SERVER_WORKER_AMOUNT should be set to 1 because gevent is designed to handle many connections with a single worker using asynchronous I/O. This approach leverages gevent's ability to manage multiple connections efficiently without the need for multiple workers, which is why the configuration suggests using a single worker for gevent

OCR 神器

一个轻量级但强大的多模态工具，显著提升 PDF/图像到 Markdown 的转换质量，解决复杂文档结构解析难题。

开源地址：https://github.com/chatdoc-com/OCRFlux

生产环境 OpenShift 部署 Root 权限

 
serviceAccountName: privilege-user
serviceAccount: privilege-user

  securityContext:
    runAsUser: 0

        kubeadm join 10.19.197.68:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e0c6ea6799addaa170ac7ec092786a5dd2e7e2947a65d9d354d9528006938e25
        ```

docker 启动的 Postgres 临时调整数据库链接

ALTER SYSTEM SET max_connections = 1000;
ALTER SYSTEM SET shared_buffers = '512MB';

dify 1.3.0 部署解压 rar 的工具

在 dify-plugin-daemon 中安装 unar

apt update
apt install unar

root@dify-plugin-daemon-0:/app# apt update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease [126 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease [256 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease [126 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 Packages [1082 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease [126 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 Packages [331 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 Packages [19.3 MB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/restricted amd64 Packages [1318 kB]
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Packages [1035 kB]
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [22.1 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/restricted amd64 Packages [117 kB]              
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 Packages [1808 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [26.7 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [1362 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1380 kB]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 Packages [1354 kB]
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main amd64 Packages [48.0 kB]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe amd64 Packages [31.8 kB]
Fetched 29.9 MB in 6s (5038 kB/s)                           
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
4 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
root@dify-plugin-daemon-0:/app# apt install unar
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  gnustep-base-common gnustep-base-runtime gnustep-common gnutls-bin libevent-2.1-7t64 libgc1 libgnustep-base1.29 libgnutls-dane0t64 libobjc4 libunbound8 libwavpack1 libxslt1.1 tzdata-legacy
Suggested packages:
  dns-root-data
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  gnustep-base-common gnustep-base-runtime gnustep-common gnutls-bin libevent-2.1-7t64 libgc1 libgnustep-base1.29 libgnutls-dane0t64 libobjc4 libunbound8 libwavpack1 libxslt1.1 tzdata-legacy unar
0 upgraded, 14 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
Need to get 4627 kB of archives.
After this operation, 19.8 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 gnustep-common amd64 2.9.1-3build1 [38.4 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 tzdata-legacy all 2025b-0ubuntu0.24.04 [94.8 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 gnustep-base-common all 1.29.0-7ubuntu4 [77.8 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libevent-2.1-7t64 amd64 2.1.12-stable-9ubuntu2 [145 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libunbound8 amd64 1.19.2-1ubuntu3.4 [442 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgnutls-dane0t64 amd64 3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.3 [23.5 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 gnutls-bin amd64 3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.3 [270 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgc1 amd64 1:8.2.6-1build1 [90.3 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 libobjc4 amd64 14.2.0-4ubuntu2~24.04 [47.0 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libxslt1.1 amd64 1.1.39-0exp1ubuntu0.24.04.2 [167 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libgnustep-base1.29 amd64 1.29.0-7ubuntu4 [1546 kB]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 gnustep-base-runtime amd64 1.29.0-7ubuntu4 [234 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwavpack1 amd64 5.6.0-1build1 [84.6 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 unar amd64 1.10.7+ds1+really1.10.1-3build1 [1366 kB]
Fetched 4627 kB in 3s (1498 kB/s)
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Selecting previously unselected package gnustep-common.
(Reading database ... 33942 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-gnustep-common_2.9.1-3build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gnustep-common (2.9.1-3build1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package tzdata-legacy.
Preparing to unpack .../01-tzdata-legacy_2025b-0ubuntu0.24.04_all.deb ...
Unpacking tzdata-legacy (2025b-0ubuntu0.24.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package gnustep-base-common.
Preparing to unpack .../02-gnustep-base-common_1.29.0-7ubuntu4_all.deb ...
Unpacking gnustep-base-common (1.29.0-7ubuntu4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libevent-2.1-7t64:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libevent-2.1-7t64_2.1.12-stable-9ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libevent-2.1-7t64:amd64 (2.1.12-stable-9ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libunbound8:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../04-libunbound8_1.19.2-1ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libunbound8:amd64 (1.19.2-1ubuntu3.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgnutls-dane0t64:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../05-libgnutls-dane0t64_3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgnutls-dane0t64:amd64 (3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package gnutls-bin.
Preparing to unpack .../06-gnutls-bin_3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gnutls-bin (3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgc1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../07-libgc1_1%3a8.2.6-1build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgc1:amd64 (1:8.2.6-1build1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libobjc4:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../08-libobjc4_14.2.0-4ubuntu2~24.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libobjc4:amd64 (14.2.0-4ubuntu2~24.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxslt1.1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../09-libxslt1.1_1.1.39-0exp1ubuntu0.24.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libxslt1.1:amd64 (1.1.39-0exp1ubuntu0.24.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgnustep-base1.29.
Preparing to unpack .../10-libgnustep-base1.29_1.29.0-7ubuntu4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgnustep-base1.29 (1.29.0-7ubuntu4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package gnustep-base-runtime.
Preparing to unpack .../11-gnustep-base-runtime_1.29.0-7ubuntu4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gnustep-base-runtime (1.29.0-7ubuntu4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libwavpack1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../12-libwavpack1_5.6.0-1build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libwavpack1:amd64 (5.6.0-1build1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package unar.
Preparing to unpack .../13-unar_1.10.7+ds1+really1.10.1-3build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking unar (1.10.7+ds1+really1.10.1-3build1) ...
Setting up gnustep-common (2.9.1-3build1) ...
Setting up libevent-2.1-7t64:amd64 (2.1.12-stable-9ubuntu2) ...
Setting up tzdata-legacy (2025b-0ubuntu0.24.04) ...
Setting up libunbound8:amd64 (1.19.2-1ubuntu3.4) ...
Setting up libgnutls-dane0t64:amd64 (3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.3) ...
Setting up gnustep-base-common (1.29.0-7ubuntu4) ...
Setting up libgc1:amd64 (1:8.2.6-1build1) ...
Setting up libwavpack1:amd64 (5.6.0-1build1) ...
Setting up libxslt1.1:amd64 (1.1.39-0exp1ubuntu0.24.04.2) ...
Setting up gnutls-bin (3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.3) ...
Setting up libobjc4:amd64 (14.2.0-4ubuntu2~24.04) ...
Setting up libgnustep-base1.29 (1.29.0-7ubuntu4) ...
Setting up gnustep-base-runtime (1.29.0-7ubuntu4) ...
Setting up unar (1.10.7+ds1+really1.10.1-3build1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.4) ...

dify 1.3.0 bug

• 并行迭代时文档处理器读取文档乱码
• 文档处理器读取 pdf 文档报错 （重启 api 应用解决）

查看PostgreSQL数据库中各表占据的存储空间

在PostgreSQL中，有几种方法可以查看数据库中各表占用的存储空间大小：

方法1：使用pg_total_relation_size函数

SELECT 
    table_schema,
    table_name, 
    pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('"' || table_schema || '"."' || table_name || '"')) as size
FROM 
    information_schema.tables
WHERE 
    table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
ORDER BY 
    pg_total_relation_size('"' || table_schema || '"."' || table_name || '"') DESC;

方法2：使用pg_table_size和pg_indexes_size分别查看表和索引大小

SELECT 
    table_schema,
    table_name,
    pg_size_pretty(pg_table_size('"' || table_schema || '"."' || table_name || '"')) as table_size,
    pg_size_pretty(pg_indexes_size('"' || table_schema || '"."' || table_name || '"')) as indexes_size,
    pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('"' || table_schema || '"."' || table_name || '"')) as total_size
FROM 
    information_schema.tables
WHERE 
    table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
ORDER BY 
    pg_total_relation_size('"' || table_schema || '"."' || table_name || '"') DESC;

方法3：使用psql命令行工具的\dt+命令

在psql中连接到数据库后，执行：

\dt+ *.*

这会列出所有表及其大小信息。

方法4：查看特定表的大小

如果想查看特定表的大小：

SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('schema_name.table_name'));

注意事项

• pg_total_relation_size 包括表数据、索引、TOAST数据等所有相关存储
• pg_table_size 只包含表数据大小（不包括索引）
• pg_indexes_size 只包含索引大小
• pg_size_pretty 函数将字节数转换为易读的格式（如MB、GB）

以上查询可以帮助你快速识别数据库中占用空间最多的表。

请扮演一位意图识别，帮我识别用户的输入，并将问题划分到合适的品类中。
有以下分类：

1. 业务处理
2. 问题咨询

当前语境:
当前语境为。企业中后台内部业务管理垂直领域，用户更倾向于关心公司内部问题， 较少为通用问题（比如数学运算，通用领域知识）。

分类解释:

1. 业务处理补充. 帮忙处理用户的业务（比如，帮用户签到，提病假申请等）。
2. 问题咨询. 比如根据手机号查询员工信息，查询公司邮件配置等。

对已经启动的 docker 容器修改开机自动启动

March 27th 2025, 10:21:20 am

You

对已经启动的 docker 容器修改开机自动启动

ChatGPT

可以使用 docker update 命令修改已经运行的 Docker 容器的 开机自启 设置。

修改 Docker 容器的开机自启策略

1. 修改单个容器的重启策略

bash

CopyEdit

docker update --restart=always 容器ID或名称

• no：容器不会自动重启（默认）

• always：无论退出原因如何，Docker 守护进程重启时，容器都会重新启动

• unless-stopped：与 always 类似，但如果容器被手动停止，则不会重启

• on-failure[:最大重试次数]：仅当容器异常退出（非 0 退出码）时才重启

示例：

bash

CopyEdit

docker update --restart=unless-stopped my_container

2. 让所有已运行的容器在开机时自动启动

如果希望 所有当前运行的容器 在 Docker 启动时恢复运行，可以批量设置：

bash

CopyEdit

docker update --restart=always $(docker ps -q)

3. 验证容器的 restart 策略

可以用以下命令检查容器的 RestartPolicy：

bash

CopyEdit

docker inspect -f '{{.HostConfig.RestartPolicy.Name}}' 容器ID或名称

示例：

bash

CopyEdit

docker inspect -f '{{.HostConfig.RestartPolicy.Name}}' my_container

如果返回 always，说明设置成功。

4. 另一种方法：docker-compose 修改 restart 方式

如果使用 docker-compose.yml，可以修改 restart 选项：

yaml

CopyEdit

version: '3'
services:
  my_service:
    image: my_image
    restart: always

然后重新加载：

bash

CopyEdit

docker-compose up -d

这样，容器每次开机都会自动启动。

总结

• docker update --restart=always 容器ID 可以直接修改已运行的容器

• docker update --restart=always $(docker ps -q) 批量修改

• docker inspect 检查修改是否生效

• docker-compose.yml 中的 restart 也可以控制开机自启

这样你就可以修改已经运行的 Docker 容器，使其开机时自动启动 🚀

ALTER ROLE dify_dev WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'dify_dev_111';

ALTER ROLE dify_dev CREATEDB;
ALTER ROLE dify_dev WITH SUPERUSER;

create database dify_dev;
ALTER database dify_dev owner to dify_dev;

create database dify_plugin;
ALTER database dify_plugin owner to dify_dev;

MAC 安装 PostgreSQL 17 日志

brew install postgresql@17

This formula has created a default database cluster with:
initdb --locale=C -E UTF-8 /opt/homebrew/var/postgresql@17

When uninstalling, some dead symlinks are left behind so you may want to run:
brew cleanup --prune-prefix

postgresql@17 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.

If you need to have postgresql@17 first in your PATH, run:
echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/postgresql@17/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find postgresql@17 you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/postgresql@17/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/postgresql@17/include"

To start postgresql@17 now and restart at login:
brew services start postgresql@17
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
LC_ALL="C" /opt/homebrew/opt/postgresql@17/bin/postgres -D /opt/homebrew/var/postgresql@17

ChatGPT API 现在都有哪些模型，模型之间功能和价格有什么区别

March 18th 2025, 4:30:49 pm

You

ChatGPT API 现在都有哪些模型，模型之间功能和价格有什么区别

ChatGPT

目前 ChatGPT API 提供了多种模型，每种模型在能力、输入输出支持、上下文长度以及定价上都有所不同。下面是一个概览：

1. 通用对话模型

• GPT-3.5 Turbo

  • 功能：适用于大部分日常对话和轻量任务，反应快、成本低，适合大规模调用。

  • 价格：输入 token 费用约为 $0.50/1M tokens，输出 token 约为$1.50/1M tokens。（参考

    juejin.cn

    ）

• GPT-4 系列（GPT-4 与 GPT-4 Turbo）

  • 功能：在理解复杂问题、生成精细回答方面比 GPT-3.5 更有优势。GPT-4 Turbo 相对更快且性价比更高。

  • 价格：例如 GPT-4 Turbo 的费用大约为 $10/1M tokens（输入）和$30/1M tokens（输出），而标准 GPT-4 则更贵。（参考

    fisherdaddy.com

    、​

    juejin.cn

    ）

2. 多模态与长上下文模型

• GPT-4o

  • 功能：旗舰级多模态模型，支持文本、图像甚至音频输入，拥有长达 128,000 tokens 的上下文窗口；在非英语语言和实时交互上表现优异。

  • 价格：大约 $2.5/1M tokens（输入）和$10/1M tokens（输出）。（参考

    fisherdaddy.com

    、​

    zh.wikipedia.org

    ）

• GPT-4o mini

  • 功能：GPT-4o 的小型经济版本，适合快速、轻量级任务，虽然能力稍弱但足以替代 GPT-3.5 在许多场景中的应用。
  • 价格：大约 $0.15/1M tokens（输入）和$0.60/1M tokens（输出）。

3. 专注推理能力的模型

• o1 系列（包括 o1 与 o1-mini）

  • 功能：专为解决复杂多步骤推理问题（如数学和编程任务）设计。o1 模型在推理、代码生成等方面表现更强。

  • 价格：

    • o1：费用大约为 $15/1M tokens（输入）和$60/1M tokens（输出）。
    • o1-mini：作为轻量版，其费用更低，约 $1.1/1M tokens（输入）和$4.4/1M tokens（输出）。

  • （参考

    fisherdaddy.com

    、​

    theverge.com

    ）

• o3-mini

  • 功能：是最新推出的轻量推理模型，支持结构化输出和函数调用等开发者关键功能，适合高效推理任务。
  • 价格：定价通常与 o1-mini 类似，但具体费用需参照最新 API 文档。

4. 最新旗舰与高情感智能模型

• GPT-4.5

  • 功能：最新的旗舰模型，注重生成更自然、更具情感智能的回答，适合写作、沟通和创意思考等任务。

  • 价格：价格显著较高，约 $75/1M tokens（输入）和$150/1M tokens（输出）。（参考 、​

    zh.wikipedia.org

    ）

总结

• 能力区别：

  • 通用模型（GPT-3.5 Turbo、GPT-4 Turbo）适合日常对话和轻量任务；
  • 多模态模型（GPT-4o 系列）支持更多输入类型及更长上下文；
  • 专注推理模型（o1、o1-mini、o3-mini）则在处理复杂推理问题上更强；
  • 高情感智能模型（GPT-4.5）则在对话自然性和情感表达上更出色。

• 价格区别：

  • 从 GPT-3.5 Turbo 的低廉到 GPT-4.5 和 o1 系列的高成本，开发者可根据应用场景和预算进行选择。通常，多模态和高推理能力模型的价格更高，但在特定任务上能提供更优效果。

这些就是目前 ChatGPT API 中主要模型的功能和价格差异。选择时可以根据具体任务需求、响应速度要求和预算来进行权衡。

批量删除 Pod

kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep tigera-operator | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kubectl delete pod -n kube-system

# apt install -y nvidia-container-runtime cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-515 nvidia-headless-515-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
nvidia-container-runtime is already the newest version (3.14.0-1).
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libfontenc1 libnvidia-common-560 libnvidia-extra-560 libnvidia-fbc1-560 libpkgconf3 libxcvt0 libxfont2 nvidia-firmware-560-560.35.05 nvidia-modprobe nvidia-prime nvidia-settings pkg-config pkgconf
  pkgconf-bin screen-resolution-extra x11-xkb-utils xcvt xfonts-base xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils xserver-common xserver-xorg-core
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-535 libnvidia-cfg1-535-server libnvidia-compute-535-server nvidia-compute-utils-535-server nvidia-dkms-535-server nvidia-fabricmanager-535
  nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03 nvidia-headless-535-server nvidia-headless-no-dkms-535-server nvidia-kernel-common-535-server nvidia-kernel-source-535-server
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libnvidia-cfg1-560 libnvidia-compute-560 libnvidia-decode-560 libnvidia-encode-560 libnvidia-gl-560 nvidia-compute-utils-560 nvidia-dkms-560 nvidia-driver-560 nvidia-kernel-common-560
  nvidia-kernel-source-560 nvidia-utils-560 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-560
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-515 cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-535 libnvidia-cfg1-535-server libnvidia-compute-535-server nvidia-compute-utils-535-server nvidia-dkms-535-server nvidia-fabricmanager-535
  nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03 nvidia-headless-515-server nvidia-headless-535-server nvidia-headless-no-dkms-535-server nvidia-kernel-common-535-server nvidia-kernel-source-535-server
0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 12 to remove and 175 not upgraded.
Need to get 127 MB of archives.
After this operation, 406 MB disk space will be freed.
Get:1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 libnvidia-compute-535-server amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [40.3 MB]
Get:2 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 nvidia-fabricmanager-535 amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [1,847 kB]                                                       
Get:3 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-535 amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [4,416 B]                                                  
Get:4 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-515 amd64 525.147.05-0ubuntu3 [4,980 B]                                                                  
Get:5 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 libnvidia-cfg1-535-server amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [107 kB]                                                        
Get:6 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-compute-utils-535-server amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [122 kB]                                                  
Get:7 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-kernel-source-535-server amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [45.1 MB]                                                 
41% [7 nvidia-kernel-source-535-server 7,717 kB/45.1 MB 17%]                                                                                                                                215 kB/s 5min 58s^C
(base) root@vm-10-19-196-84:/etc/kubernetes/conf/test# apt update
Warning: The unit file, source configuration file or drop-ins of apt-news.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.
Warning: The unit file, source configuration file or drop-ins of esm-cache.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.
Get:1 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2404-12-6-local  InRelease [1,572 B]
Get:1 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2404-12-6-local  InRelease [1,572 B]
Hit:2 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble InRelease                 
Hit:3 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease                                 
Hit:4 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease                               
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease [126 kB]                                 
Hit:6 https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/amd64  InRelease
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Components [8,976 B]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/restricted amd64 Components [212 B]
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 Components [52.0 kB]
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse amd64 Components [208 B]
Fetched 187 kB in 3s (57.3 kB/s)    
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
175 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
(base) root@vm-10-19-196-84:/etc/kubernetes/conf/test# apt install -y nvidia-container-runtime cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-515 nvidia-headless-515-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
nvidia-container-runtime is already the newest version (3.14.0-1).
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libfontenc1 libnvidia-common-560 libnvidia-extra-560 libnvidia-fbc1-560 libpkgconf3 libxcvt0 libxfont2 nvidia-firmware-560-560.35.05 nvidia-modprobe nvidia-prime nvidia-settings pkg-config pkgconf
  pkgconf-bin screen-resolution-extra x11-xkb-utils xcvt xfonts-base xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils xserver-common xserver-xorg-core
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-535 libnvidia-cfg1-535-server libnvidia-compute-535-server nvidia-compute-utils-535-server nvidia-dkms-535-server nvidia-fabricmanager-535
  nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03 nvidia-headless-535-server nvidia-headless-no-dkms-535-server nvidia-kernel-common-535-server nvidia-kernel-source-535-server
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libnvidia-cfg1-560 libnvidia-compute-560 libnvidia-decode-560 libnvidia-encode-560 libnvidia-gl-560 nvidia-compute-utils-560 nvidia-dkms-560 nvidia-driver-560 nvidia-kernel-common-560
  nvidia-kernel-source-560 nvidia-utils-560 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-560
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-515 cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-535 libnvidia-cfg1-535-server libnvidia-compute-535-server nvidia-compute-utils-535-server nvidia-dkms-535-server nvidia-fabricmanager-535
  nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03 nvidia-headless-515-server nvidia-headless-535-server nvidia-headless-no-dkms-535-server nvidia-kernel-common-535-server nvidia-kernel-source-535-server
0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 12 to remove and 175 not upgraded.
Need to get 85.0 MB/127 MB of archives.
After this operation, 406 MB disk space will be freed.
Get:1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-kernel-source-535-server amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [45.1 MB]
Get:2 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03 amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [39.6 MB]                                           
83% [2 nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03 26.8 MB/39.6 MB 68%]                                                                                                                                240 kB/s 54s
Get:3 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-kernel-common-535-server amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [226 kB]                                                  
Get:4 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-dkms-535-server amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [51.5 kB]                                                          
Get:5 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-headless-no-dkms-535-server amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [11.5 kB]                                              
Get:6 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-headless-535-server amd64 535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [11.3 kB]                                                      
Get:7 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 nvidia-headless-515-server amd64 525.147.05-0ubuntu2 [6,154 B]                                                                      
Fetched 77.3 MB in 10min 46s (120 kB/s)                                                                                                                                                                      
(Reading database ... 154403 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing nvidia-driver-560 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Removing xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-560 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Removing libnvidia-cfg1-560:amd64 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Removing nvidia-utils-560 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Removing nvidia-compute-utils-560 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: libnvidia-compute-560:amd64: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
 libnvidia-gl-560:amd64 depends on libnvidia-compute-560 (>= 560.35.05).
 nvidia-cuda-dev:amd64 depends on libnvidia-compute-535 (>= 525) | libnvidia-compute-535-server (>= 525) | libnvidia-compute-525 (>= 525) | libnvidia-compute-525-server (>= 525) | libcuda.so.1 (>= 525) | libcuda-12.0-1; however:
  Package libnvidia-compute-535 is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-535-server is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-525 is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-525-server is not installed.
  Package libcuda.so.1 is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-560:amd64 which provides libcuda.so.1 is to be removed.
  Package libcuda-12.0-1 is not installed.
 libcuinj64-12.0:amd64 depends on libnvidia-compute-535 (>= 525) | libnvidia-compute-535-server (>= 525) | libnvidia-compute-525 (>= 525) | libnvidia-compute-525-server (>= 525) | libcuda.so.1 (>= 525) | libcuda-12.0-1; however:
  Package libnvidia-compute-535 is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-535-server is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-525 is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-525-server is not installed.
  Package libcuda.so.1 is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-560:amd64 which provides libcuda.so.1 is to be removed.
  Package libcuda-12.0-1 is not installed.
 libnvidia-ml-dev:amd64 depends on libnvidia-compute-535 (>= 525) | libnvidia-compute-535-server (>= 525) | libnvidia-compute-525 (>= 525) | libnvidia-compute-525-server (>= 525) | libnvidia-ml.so.1 (>= 525); however:
  Package libnvidia-compute-535 is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-535-server is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-525 is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-525-server is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-ml.so.1 is not installed.
  Package libnvidia-compute-560:amd64 which provides libnvidia-ml.so.1 is to be removed.

Removing libnvidia-compute-560:amd64 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libnvidia-compute-535-server:amd64.
(Reading database ... 154276 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libnvidia-compute-535-server_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnvidia-compute-535-server:amd64 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
(Reading database ... 154297 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libnvidia-encode-560:amd64 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Removing libnvidia-decode-560:amd64 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Removing libnvidia-gl-560:amd64 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Removing nvidia-dkms-560 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Removing all DKMS Modules
Done.
INFO:Disable nvidia
DEBUG:Parsing /usr/share/ubuntu-drivers-common/quirks/dell_latitude
DEBUG:Parsing /usr/share/ubuntu-drivers-common/quirks/put_your_quirks_here
DEBUG:Parsing /usr/share/ubuntu-drivers-common/quirks/lenovo_thinkpad
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Removing nvidia-kernel-common-560 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Removing nvidia-kernel-source-560 (560.35.05-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvidia-fabricmanager-535.
(Reading database ... 153709 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-nvidia-fabricmanager-535_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-fabricmanager-535 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-535.
Preparing to unpack .../01-cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-535_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-535 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-515.
Preparing to unpack .../02-cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-515_525.147.05-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-515 (525.147.05-0ubuntu3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libnvidia-cfg1-535-server:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libnvidia-cfg1-535-server_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnvidia-cfg1-535-server:amd64 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvidia-compute-utils-535-server.
Preparing to unpack .../04-nvidia-compute-utils-535-server_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-compute-utils-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvidia-kernel-source-535-server.
Preparing to unpack .../05-nvidia-kernel-source-535-server_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-kernel-source-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03.
Preparing to unpack .../06-nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvidia-kernel-common-535-server.
Preparing to unpack .../07-nvidia-kernel-common-535-server_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-kernel-common-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvidia-dkms-535-server.
Preparing to unpack .../08-nvidia-dkms-535-server_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-dkms-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvidia-headless-no-dkms-535-server.
Preparing to unpack .../09-nvidia-headless-no-dkms-535-server_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-headless-no-dkms-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvidia-headless-535-server.
Preparing to unpack .../10-nvidia-headless-535-server_535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-headless-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvidia-headless-515-server:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../11-nvidia-headless-515-server_525.147.05-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-headless-515-server:amd64 (525.147.05-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up nvidia-kernel-source-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.216.03 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up nvidia-fabricmanager-535 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nvidia-fabricmanager.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nvidia-fabricmanager.service.
Could not execute systemctl:  at /usr/bin/deb-systemd-invoke line 148.
Setting up libnvidia-cfg1-535-server:amd64 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-compute-535-server:amd64 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up nvidia-kernel-common-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-52-generic
Setting up nvidia-compute-utils-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
info: The home dir /nonexistent you specified can't be accessed: No such file or directory

info: Selecting UID from range 100 to 999 ...

info: Selecting GID from range 100 to 999 ...
info: Adding system user `nvidia-persistenced' (UID 110) ...
info: Adding new group `nvidia-persistenced' (GID 110) ...
info: Adding new user `nvidia-persistenced' (UID 110) with group `nvidia-persistenced' ...
info: Not creating `/nonexistent'.
Setting up nvidia-dkms-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-52-generic
INFO:Enable nvidia-srv
DEBUG:Parsing /usr/share/ubuntu-drivers-common/quirks/dell_latitude
DEBUG:Parsing /usr/share/ubuntu-drivers-common/quirks/put_your_quirks_here
DEBUG:Parsing /usr/share/ubuntu-drivers-common/quirks/lenovo_thinkpad
Loading new nvidia-srv-535.216.03 DKMS files...
Building for 6.8.0-52-generic 6.8.0-55-generic
Building for architecture x86_64
Building initial module for 6.8.0-52-generic
Done.

nvidia.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-52-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-modeset.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-52-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-drm.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-52-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-uvm.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-52-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-peermem.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-52-generic/updates/dkms/
depmod...
Building initial module for 6.8.0-55-generic
Done.

nvidia.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-55-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-modeset.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-55-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-drm.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-55-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-uvm.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-55-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-peermem.ko.zst:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/6.8.0-55-generic/updates/dkms/
depmod...
Setting up cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-535 (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up nvidia-headless-no-dkms-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-515 (525.147.05-0ubuntu3) ...
Setting up nvidia-headless-535-server (535.216.03-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up nvidia-headless-515-server:amd64 (525.147.05-0ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142ubuntu25) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-55-generic
Scanning processes...                                                                                                                                                                                         
Scanning candidates...                                                                                                                                                                                        
Scanning linux images...                                                                                                                                                                                      

Pending kernel upgrade!
Running kernel version:
  6.8.0-52-generic
Diagnostics:
  The currently running kernel version is not the expected kernel version 6.8.0-55-generic.

Restarting the system to load the new kernel will not be handled automatically, so you should consider rebooting.

Restarting services...

Service restarts being deferred:
 /etc/needrestart/restart.d/dbus.service
 systemctl restart docker.service
 systemctl restart systemd-logind.service
 systemctl restart unattended-upgrades.service

No containers need to be restarted.

User sessions running outdated binaries:
 root @ session #16: ssh-agent[13109]
 root @ user manager service: systemd[1198]

weaviate-client 4.10.2

pip install weaviate-client==3.26.7

https://github.com/langflow-ai/langflow/issues/6007

    if self.api_key:
        
        auth_config = weaviate.AuthApiKey(api_key=self.api_key)
        client = weaviate.WeaviateClient(url=self.url, auth_client_secret=auth_config)
        # Connect to Weaviate Cloud
        auth_config = Auth.api_key(weaviate_api_key)
        client = weaviate.connect_to_weaviate_cloud(
            cluster_url=self.url,
            auth_credentials=Auth.api_key(weaviate_api_key),
            headers={
                "X-Cohere-Api-Key": cohere_api_key
            }
        )
    else:
        client = weaviate.WeaviateClient(url=self.url)
        client = weaviate.connect_to_weaviate_cloud(
            cluster_url=self.url,
            auth_credentials=Auth.api_key(weaviate_api_key),
            headers={
                "X-Cohere-Api-Key": cohere_api_key
            }
        )

LangFlow 调试日记

weaviate 报错

问题如下
weaviate sdk 已经升级到 v4 了但是默认代码还是 v3

> Python client v3 `weaviate.Client(...)` has been removed.

Upgrade your code to use Python client v4 `weaviate.WeaviateClient` connections and methods.
    - For Python Client v4 usage, see: https://weaviate.io/developers/weaviate/client-libraries/python
    - For code migration, see: https://weaviate.io/developers/weaviate/client-libraries/python/v3_v4_migration

If you have to use v3 code, install the v3 client and pin the v3 dependency in your requirements file: `weaviate-client>=3.26.7;<4.0.0`

调整代码 weaviate.Client -> weaviate.WeaviateClient

Render 云平台

Render 是一个现代化的云平台，提供全面的托管服务，旨在简化应用程序的部署和管理。它允许开发者通过简单的配置和自动化部署来管理和扩展应用，无需关注底层基础设施。Render 提供的服务包括 Web 应用托管、数据库托管、静态网站托管等，适合构建全栈应用、微服务架构以及数据驱动的应用。

Render 的主要特点

1. 简化部署：

   • Render 通过与 GitHub、GitLab 等版本控制系统的集成，允许你在每次代码提交时自动部署应用。支持自动构建、测试和部署，减少了手动干预。
   • 对于 Web 应用，Render 提供自动化的构建和运行环境，只需要通过配置文件来定义构建过程。

2. 全托管服务：

   • Web 服务：支持 Node.js、Python、Go、Ruby、PHP、Rust 等多种语言和框架的 Web 服务，自动管理服务器、负载均衡和扩展。
   • 数据库托管：提供 PostgreSQL 和 Redis 数据库的托管服务，可以与应用紧密集成。
   • 静态网站：你可以托管 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 文件，Render 提供全球 CDN 支持，确保快速的页面加载。

3. 自动化伸缩：

   • Render 提供自动伸缩功能，可以根据流量需求自动调整应用的实例数，确保高效利用资源。
   • 对于负载较高的服务，可以设定最大副本数或者利用 Render 的自动弹性伸缩来应对突发流量。

4. 环境变量和密钥管理：

   • Render 提供了一个安全的方式来管理环境变量、API 密钥、数据库凭证等敏感信息，可以通过 Render 控制台进行配置。
   • 支持加密的环境变量，确保应用的安全性。

5. 支持 Docker：

   • 如果你需要更多的灵活性，Render 支持自定义 Docker 容器部署。你可以将你的应用封装在 Docker 镜像中，然后将其上传到 Render。

6. 免费和付费计划：

   • Render 提供了一个免费计划，适合轻量级项目或个人开发者使用，但免费计划通常有限制（如每月一定数量的服务运行时间和资源）。
   • 付费计划则提供更多的计算资源、更高的带宽以及更强大的服务性能。

7. CI/CD 支持：

   • Render 内建了 CI/CD 管道，自动构建和部署代码。你可以自定义构建步骤，配置不同的环境来进行测试、构建和生产部署。

Render 支持的语言与框架

• Web 服务：Node.js、Python（Flask/Django）、Ruby（Rails）、Go、PHP、Rust、Java（Spring Boot）等
• 数据库：PostgreSQL、Redis
• 静态网站：纯 HTML/CSS/JS 或使用框架（如 React、Vue 等）

Render 的优势

• 易用性：简单的配置和管理面板，使得开发者无需过多关心基础设施，专注于应用本身。
• 自动化部署：与 GitHub、GitLab 集成，支持每次提交后自动构建和部署，减少手动部署的麻烦。
• 按需扩展：根据实际需求扩展应用，不用担心过度配置或资源浪费。
• 高性能：提供全球 CDN 支持和高效的自动伸缩能力，确保应用在全球范围内都能高效运行。

Render 使用场景

1. Web 应用托管： 适合部署全栈 Web 应用，Render 提供了端到端的解决方案，包括前端和后端服务。

2. API 服务： 如果你有 API 或微服务架构，Render 也能很好地支持这种部署模式，可以快速上线并进行自动伸缩。

3. 数据库服务： 如果你需要托管数据库，Render 提供了托管的 PostgreSQL 和 Redis 服务，适用于需要持久化数据的应用。

4. 静态网站： Render 也支持托管静态文件，如 HTML、CSS、JavaScript 文件，可以通过 CDN 加速，适合用来托管博客、个人网站或前端静态应用。

如何开始使用 Render

1. 注册账号：首先，你需要在 Render 上注册一个账号。
2. 连接代码仓库：连接 GitHub 或 GitLab 账号，选择要部署的项目。
3. 配置服务：根据需要配置 Web 服务、数据库等服务。
4. 部署：Render 会自动构建并部署应用。如果配置了 CI/CD，提交代码后会自动触发构建和部署。
5. 监控和扩展：可以在控制台查看应用的运行状态，进行性能监控和调整资源配置。

总的来说，Render 是一个现代化且易于使用的云平台，适合开发者快速部署和扩展应用。如果你不想处理繁琐的基础设施和管理，Render 提供了一个强大且简洁的解决方案。

构建 tools 镜像

基于 ubuntu:24.04 构建

docker pull ubuntu:24.04
docker run --name ubuntu-test -it ubuntu:24.04 bash

# do in container
apt update
apt install curl wget -y
# end

docker commit ubuntu-test ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/jansora/tools:latest
docker push ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/jansora/tools:latest

use std::collections::HashMap;

const MEMO: HashMap<i32, i32> = HashMap::new();


impl Solution {

    pub fn climb_stairs(n: i32) -> i32 {
        
        if (MEMO.contains_key(&n)) {
            return *MEMO.get(&n).unwrap()
        }

        if n == 1 {
            return 1
        }
        if n == 2 {
            return 2
        }
        let cache_value = Self::climb_stairs(n-1) + Self::climb_stairs(n-2);
        MEMO.insert(n, cache_value);

        return cache_value
    }
}

create unique index EAM_ENTERPRISE_ACCOUNT_LOGIC_UNIQUE
    on EAM_ENTERPRISE_ACCOUNT (ENTERPRISE_ID, PHONE_NUMBER, STATUS);

日志表字段变更：

alter table log_record
    modify PERSON_ID bigint null comment '员工 id'

ChatGPT

Q

PG 有个字段 paths 是个列表的 string， 我现在要去 列表中包含 abc 的列

A

在 PostgreSQL 中，如果你有一个字段 paths 是一个字符串列表（数组），并且你需要查询列表中包含特定字符串（例如 abc）的记录，可以使用 ANY 或 unnest 结合 LIKE 来实现。

以下是两种实现方式：

1. 使用 ANY

SELECT *
FROM your_table
WHERE 'abc' = ANY(paths);

这种方法适用于 完全匹配 的情况。如果你需要匹配包含 abc 的字符串，可以结合 array_to_string 或使用更复杂的条件：

SELECT *
FROM your_table
WHERE EXISTS (
    SELECT 1
    FROM unnest(paths) AS path
    WHERE path LIKE '%abc%'
);

2. 使用 unnest 和 LIKE

如果你想解开数组并对其应用更复杂的字符串匹配，可以使用 unnest：

SELECT DISTINCT t.*
FROM your_table t
JOIN LATERAL unnest(t.paths) AS path ON path LIKE '%abc%';

解释

1. unnest(paths)：将数组字段解包为单独的行。
2. LIKE '%abc%'：匹配数组中的字符串是否包含 abc。
3. DISTINCT：防止由于数组中多个值匹配而导致重复的结果。

如果你想要查询结果只返回匹配的字段而不是整个记录，可以改为：

SELECT t.id, path
FROM your_table t
JOIN LATERAL unnest(t.paths) AS path ON path LIKE '%abc%';

这里 t.id 是你的主键字段，path 是匹配的具体值。

你可以根据需求选择合适的方法。